Environmental and Conservation Sciences

This is an archived copy of the 2023-24 catalog. To access the most recent version of the catalog, please visit http://catalog.ndsu.edu.

Program Description

The graduate program leading to an M.S. or a Ph.D. in Environmental and Conservation Sciences (ECS) rests on an integrative curriculum and a multidisciplinary team approach. The program emphasizes the common ground shared by all sciences, and seeks to bridge methodological and philosophical boundaries that might hinder interdisciplinary communication and cooperation. The program offers three tracks: Environmental Science, Conservation Biology and Environmental Social Sciences. The Environmental Science track focuses on abiotic environmental issues, such as water, air, and land pollution. The Conservation Biology track focuses on biotic issues, such as the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem function. The Environmental Social Sciences track emphasizes environmental economics and policy.

The interdisciplinary nature of this program is reflected by the participation of faculty from across the campus, including the Colleges of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources; Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences; Engineering; and Science and Mathematics.

Environmental Science

Areas of Environmental Science, such as climate change, groundwater, hazardous waste, and water chemistry, require broad training across discipline lines for successful application. To better predict anthropogenic environmental impacts, the engineering, earth material, chemical, and biological data must be considered in an integrated manner.

Conservation Biology

Conservation Biology focuses on the loss of regional and global biodiversity, but considers the human element as well in its approach to resource issues. As an example, conservation genomics, community ecology, invasion ecology, endangered species management, and human-wildlife conflicts are themes for ECS Graduate Students.

Environmental Social Sciences

Environmental Social Sciences focuses on Natural Resources Economics; Environmental Economics as related to Environmental policy.

Admissions Requirements

To be admitted to the Environmental and Conservation Sciences program, the applicant must meet the Graduate School requirements. Further, applicants are only considered after an ECS affiliated faculty member has agreed to to admit the student to her/his lab and make arrangements of stipend and research funding. Thus, applicants should contact ECS faculty members who share their research interests. https://www.ndsu.edu/ecs/index.php/people/faculty

Financial Assistance

The applicant should contact a prospective mentor to identify sources of financial aid. Teaching and research assistantships may be available through funded research or participating departments. Applicants are considered on the basis of scholarship and potential to undertake advanced study and research. Contact the office of Financial Aid and Scholarships for information and applications regarding scholarships.

Program Administration

The graduate program is administered by the ECS Steering Committee. The committee is composed of ECS graduate faculty members representing the participating colleges: Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources; Engineering; and Science and Mathematics. The committee also includes a student member which is nominated annually by the ECS Graduate Student Association.

The ECS Program Director presides over ECS Steering Committee meetings. The duties of the ECS Steering Committee include:

review of requests to join the ECS faculty and
program review and administration.

By the end of the second semester, the student and academic adviser will arrange for the appointment of a Graduate Supervisory Committee. For Ph.D. study, the Graduate Supervisory Committee will consist of at least four members of the NDSU graduate faculty. The committee must include the student's adviser, two additional ECS faculty members, and a Graduate School representative. One committee member must be from outside the student's home college.

For M.S. study, the Graduate Supervisory Committee will consist of at least three members of the NDSU graduate faculty and will include the student's adviser, an ECS faculty member and a faculty from outside the student's home college. The plan of study will be prepared by the student, in consultation with the major adviser, by the end of the first year in residence.

Master of Science in Environmental and Conservation Sciences

The total credits will be not less than 30 graduate credits, with at least 16 credits of graduate courses numbered 601-689, 691; 700-789, 791 or 800-889, 891 plus the ECS graduate seminar for 1 credit, and research credits (798) not fewer than 6 nor more than 10 thesis credits. The didactic credits must include at least 1 ECS cross-disciplinary course; 1 ECS track course and UNIV 720 Scientific Integrity. All M.S. students must complete a thesis and pass a final examination as described in The Graduate School Policies section of the Graduate Bulletin. An overall GPA of 3.0 or better must be maintained.

Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental and Conservation Sciences

Each Ph.D. student will complete at least 27 credits of didactic courses plus the ECS graduate seminar for 1 credit. The didactic courses will include: 3 core courses (9 credits), UNIV 720 Scientific Integrity, a minimum of 14-15 credits from a chosen track, and 2-3 credits of electives from another track or other NDSU courses numbered 601-689, 691; 700-789, 791 or 800-889, 891. The 15 track credits must be from at least 2 course categories. Two of the three courses must come from outside of the student's chosen track. Of the 27 didactic course credits, a total of 15 must be at the 700-800 level. A total of 90 credits are required.

For students entering the program with a Master’s Degree or previous graduate coursework, up to 12 credits of previous graduate work can transfer and be counted toward the 27 credits. Such transferred credits must be approved by the student’s supervisory committee, the program director and the Graduate Dean. The student must earn no fewer than 60 graduate credits at NDSU. Of these, no fewer than 15 credits must be at the 700 or 800 level (700-789, 791; 800-889 and 891).

Program Requirements

Course List
Code	Title	Credits
Environmental Social Sciences Track
ECON 681	Natural Resource Economics	3
ECS 770	Environmental Law and Policy	3
HIST 634	Environmental History	3
or HIST 710	Research Seminar in North American History
or HIST 780	Readings in World History
NRM 631	National Environmental Policy Act & Environental Impact Assessment	3
NRM 702	Natural Resources Management Planning	3
SOC 631	Environmental Sociology	3
Environmental Sciences Track
CE 770	Hazardous Waste Site Remediation	3
GEOL 614	Hydrogeology	3
MICR 652	Microbial Ecology	3
PH 720	Environmental Health	3
Conservation Biology Track
BOT 862		3
BOT 864		3
ZOO 675		3
ZOO 850

CONSERVATIVE BIOLOGY TRACK - TOTAL 18 CREDITS

Course List
Code	Title	Credits
Biodiversity
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
BIOL 681	Wetland Science
BOT 717	Aquatic Vascular Plants
ENT 750	Systematic Entomology
RNG 716	Agrostology
ZOO 650
ZOO 652
ZOO 654
ZOO 658
Ecology and Evolution
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
BIOL 850	Advanced Ecology
BIOL 859	Evolution
BOT 660
BOT 862
BOT 864
ENT 765	Biological Control of Insects and Weeds
ENT 770	Writing a Scientific Literature Review
GEOL 640	Quaternary Biology
MICR 652	Microbial Ecology
PLSC 631	Intermediate Genetics
PLSC 751	Advanced Plant Genetics
PLSC 781	Quantitative Genetics
RNG 765	Analysis Of Ecosystems
SOIL 610	Soils and Land Use
SOIL 647	Microclimatology
ZOO 662
ZOO 670	Limnology
ZOO 850
ZOO 860
ZOO 870	Aquatic Community Ecology
Human Dimensions and Management
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
ANTH 662	Anthropology and the Environment
COMM 783	Advanced Organizational Communication I
CE 678	Water Quality Management
ECON 682	Environmental Economics
POLS 642	Global Policy Issues
POLS 650	Politics of the Developing Countries
RNG 656	Ecological Restoration
ZOO 675
ZOO 676
ZOO 677
ZOO 850
Research Tools
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
CE 677	Applied Hydrology
GEOG 655	Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
GEOG 656	Advanced Geographic Information Systems
GEOL 660	Biogeochemistry
GEOL 760	Advanced Biogeochemistry
PLSC 724	Field Design I
PSYC 640	Experimental Methods
RNG 650	Range Plants
SOC 701	Quantitative Methods
SOIL 784	Advanced Soil Genesis, Morphology and Classification
STAT 661	Applied Regression Models
STAT 662	Introduction to Experimental Design
STAT 663	Nonparametric Statistics
STAT 665	Meta-Analysis Methods
STAT 670	Statistical SAS Programming
STAT 730	Biostatistics
STAT 761	Advanced Regression
STAT 770	Survival Analysis

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES TRACK-TOTAL 17 CREDITS

Course List
Code	Title	Credits
Water Sciences
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
ABEN 664	Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering
ABEN 765	Small Watershed Hydrology and Modeling
CE 610	Water & Wastewater Engineering
CE 677	Applied Hydrology
CE 676	Watershed Modeling
CE 678	Water Quality Management
CE 679	Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment
CE 776	Ground Water and Seepage
CE 779	Watershed Water Quality Modeling
CE 796	Special Topics
GEOL 640	Quaternary Biology
ZOO 670	Limnology
Soil and Solid Waste
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
ABEN 696	Special Topics
CE 672	Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
CE 770	Hazardous Waste Site Remediation
SOIL 610	Soils and Land Use
SOIL 633	Soil Ecohydrology and Physics
SOIL 733	Advanced Soil Nutrient Cycling
Environmental Management
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
CE 672	Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
CE 678	Water Quality Management
COMM 783	Advanced Organizational Communication I
RNG 656	Ecological Restoration
ZOO 675
ZOO 676
ZOO 677
Research Tools
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
ABEN 682	Instrumentation & Measurements
ABEN 696	Special Topics
CE 677	Applied Hydrology
GEOG 655	Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
GEOG 656	Advanced Geographic Information Systems
GEOL 660	Biogeochemistry
GEOL 760	Advanced Biogeochemistry
IME 660	Evaluation of Engineering Data
RNG 650	Range Plants
STAT 662	Introduction to Experimental Design
STAT 725	Applied Statistics
STAT 761	Advanced Regression

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES TRACK-TOTAL 17 CREDITS

Course List
Code	Title	Credits
Social Science Theory
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
AGEC 741	Advanced Microeconomics
ANTH 680	Development of Anthropological Theory
COMM 711	Communication Theory
ECON 640	Game Theory and Strategy
POLS 720	Theoretical Perspectives to the Study of Political Science
SOC 622	Development Of Social Theory
SOC 723	Social Theory
Cultural and Behavioral Aspects
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
AGEC 711	Applied Risk Analysis I
ANTH 662	Anthropology and the Environment
ANTH 664	Disaster and Culture
ECON 656	History of Economic Thought
ECON 681	Natural Resource Economics
ECON 682	Environmental Economics
HIST 634	Environmental History
POLS 642	Global Policy Issues
POLS 653	Environmental Policy and Politics
SOC 631	Environmental Sociology
SOC 639	Social Change
SOC 643	International Disasters
Management Techniques
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
COMM 783	Advanced Organizational Communication I
GEOL 660	Biogeochemistry
NRM 631	National Environmental Policy Act & Environental Impact Assessment
NRM 632	Environmental Impact Statement
NRM 653	Rangeland Resources Watershed Management
NRM 701	Terrestrial Resources Management
NRM 702	Natural Resources Management Planning
RNG 654	Wetland Resources Management
RNG 656	Ecological Restoration
SOC 604	Community Assessment
TL 755	City Logistics
ZOO 675
ZOO 676
ZOO 850
Research Tools
Select 3-9 credits of the following:
AGEC 701	Research Philosophy
AGEC 739	Analytical Methods for Applied Economics
BIOL 850	Advanced Ecology
COMM 700	Research Methods in Communication
COMM 701	Advanced Research Methods in Communication I
COMM 704	Qualitative Research Methods in Communication
COMM 707	Quantitative Research Methods in Communication
ECON 610	Econometrics
ECON 710	Advanced Econometrics
EMGT 614	Spatial Analysis in Emergency Management
ENGL 656	Literacy, Culture and Identity
ENGL 758	Topics in Rhetoric, Writing, and Culture
GEOG 655	Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
GEOG 656	Advanced Geographic Information Systems
PSYC 640	Experimental Methods
RNG 652	Managing Natural and Rangeland Resources using GIS
RNG 765	Analysis Of Ecosystems
SOC 700	Qualitative Methods
SOC 701	Quantitative Methods
STAT 660	Applied Survey Sampling
STAT 661	Applied Regression Models
STAT 662	Introduction to Experimental Design
STAT 663	Nonparametric Statistics
STAT 665	Meta-Analysis Methods
STAT 670	Statistical SAS Programming
STAT 725	Applied Statistics
STAT 726	Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance
STAT 730	Biostatistics
STAT 761	Advanced Regression
STAT 770	Survival Analysis

Preliminary Examinations for Doctoral Students

The written preliminary examination will cover the core areas for ECS and each of the core topic areas for the appropriate track. The preliminary examination will typically be taken in the middle of the third year. The written exam must be passed before the comprehensive oral examination can be scheduled.

The comprehensive oral examination will be taken no later than the end of the third year in residence. The examination will cover the topic areas for the appropriate track.

Dissertation Research

A proposal describing research suitable for preparation of a dissertation in Environmental and Conservation Sciences will be prepared in the format of a NSF Dissertation Improvement Grant. Alternative formats must be agreed to by the Graduate Supervisory Committee. The proposal will be submitted to the student's Graduate Supervisory Committee for review and approval. The dissertation must show originality and demonstrate the student's capacity for independent research.

Bakr Aly Ahmed, Ph.D.
Virginia Tech, 2001
Research Interests: Built Environment; Sustainable Architecture; Construction Technology; Urban Sustainability

Laura Aldrich-Wolfe, Ph.D.
Cornell University, 2006
Research Interests: Restoration Ecology; Conservation Biology; Fungal Community Ecology

F. Adnan Akyuz, Ph.D.
University of Missouri-Columbia, 1994
Research Interests: Applied Climatology and Microclimatology/Climate Based Agriculture

Allan C. Ashworth, Ph.D.
University of Birmingham, 1969
Research Interests: Quaternary Paleoecology, Paleoclimatology

Achintya Bezbaruah, Ph.D.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2002
Research Interests: Nanomaterials for Pollution Control, Recalcitrant and Micro Pollutants, Contaminant Fate and Transport, Small Community Water and Wastewater Treatment, Environmental Sensors, Environmental Management

Julia Bowsher, Ph.D.
Duke University, 2007
Research Interests: Evolutionary and Developmental Biology

Igathinathane Cannayen, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Technology, 1997
Research Interests: Biomass Harvest, Storage, Collection and Pre-Processing

Frank X.M. Casey, Ph.D.
Iowa State University, 2000
Research Interests: Field and Laboratory Studies of Water Flow and Chemical Transport Processes

Amitava Chatterjee, Ph.D.
University of Wyoming, 2007
Research Area/Activity: Soil Fertility Management, Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Xuefeng (Michael) Chu, Ph. D.
University of California, Davis, 2002
Research Interests: Watershed Hydrologic and Environmental Modeling, Overland Flow and Infiltration, Integrated Modeling of Flow and Contaminant Transport

Larry Cihacek, Ph.D.
Iowa State University, 1979
Research Interests: Carbon Sequestration in Soils, Soil Physical Properties, Soil Management for Waste Disposal

Dennis Cooley, Ph.D.
University of Rochester, 1995
Research Interests: Ethics of Science

Aaron Daigh, Ph.D.
Iowa State University, 2013
Research Interests: Soil Physics, Transport in Soils, Soil Residue and Water Management, Crop Rotations, and Nutrient/Agrochemical/Industrial Byproduct Soil Amendment Impacts on Soil Physical Properties

Stephanie Day, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, 2012
Research Interests: Fluvial Geomorphology, Slope Stability, Geospatial Sciences

Edward (Shawn) DeKeyser, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 2000
Research Interests: Wetland Ecology, Wetland Assessment and Monitoring, Invasive Species Ecology and Management, Native Prairie Restoration

Anne Denton, Ph.D.
University of Mainz, 1996
Research Interests: Data Mining, Bioinformatics, Scientific Informatics, Educational Technology, Model Building, Databases

Thomas M. DeSutter, Ph.D.
Kansas State University, 2004
Research Interest: Trace Gas Fluxes, Inorganic Soil Chemistry, Soil Environmental Conditions

Ned Dochtermann, Ph.D.
University of Nevada, Reno, 2009
Research Interests: Ecological and Evolutionary Causes and Consequences of Phenotypic Variation

Paulo Flores, Ph.D.
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2008
Research Interests: Precision Agriculture, Unmanned Aerial Systems; Imagery analyses

Caley Gasch, Ph.D.
University of Wyoming, 2013
Research Interests: Soil ecology; Restoration; Conservation

Erin Gillam, Ph.D.
University of Tennessee, 2007
Research Interests: Behavioral ecology of bats, ecological and evolutionary basis of behavior in all animal groups, behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary factors influence the structure of animal communication signals and wildlife ecology and conservation.

Kendra Greenlee, Ph.D.
Arizona State University-Tempe, 2004
Research interests: Environmental and respiratory physiology of insects; insect immunology.

Timothy Greives, Ph.D.
Indiana University, 2009
Research Interests: Physiology and Behavior of Animals in Response to Environmental Signals

Ademola (Demmy) Hammed, Ph.D.
International Islamic University, 2014
Research Interests: Biotechnology Engineering; Agricultural Bioproducts

Jason Harmon, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, 2003
Research Interests: Environmental change; ecosystem services; population and community ecology

Mark Harvey, Ph.D.
University of Wyoming, 1986
Research Interests: American West, Environmental History, Public History

Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Ph.D.
Iowa state University, 1993
Research Interests: High-Value Crop Production

Robert R. Hearne, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, 1995
Research Interests: Economic Analysis of Emerging Environmental and Resource Issues in the Northern Great Plains

Britt Heidinger, Ph.D.
Indiana University, 2007
Research Interests: Physiological Ecology, Senescence, Stress Physiology

David Hopkins, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 1997
Research Interests: Soil Formation and Chemistry

Tom Isern, Ph.D.
Oklahoma State University, 1977
Research Interests: History of Agriculture, History of Great Plains

Sivaguru Jayaraman, Ph.D.
Tulane University, 2003
Research Interests: Photocatalysis, Photochemistry, Green Chemistry

Xinhua Jia, Ph.D.
University of Arizona, 2004
Research Interests: Evapotranspiration, Subsurface drainage and Water quality

Dinesh Katti, Ph.D.
University of Arizona, 1991
Research Interests: Geotechnical Engineering, Constitutive Modeling of Geologic Materials, Expansive Soils, Multiscale Modeling, Steered Molecular Dynamics, Computational Mechanics, Nanocomposite, and Bio-nanocomposites. Computational Biophysics

Page Klug, Ph.D.
Kansas State University, 2009
Research Interests:Human-wildlife Interactions; Ecology; Birds; Snakes

Ben Laabs, Ph.D.
University of Wisconsin, 1999
Research Interests: Quaternary Geology; Glacial Geology; Cosmogenic Nuclides; Paleoclimate; Surface Processes

Trung Le, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, 2011
Research Interests: Hydraulics; Fluid Mechanics; Numerical Methods For Fluid-Structure Interaction

Kenneth E. Lepper, Ph.D.
Oklahoma State University, 2001
Research Interests: Quaternary Geology and Age Dating

Wei Lin, Ph.D.
State University of New York at Buffalo, 1992
Research Interests: Water and Wastewater Treatment, Hazardous Waste Management

Zhulu Lin, Ph.D.
University of Georgia, 2003
Research Interests: Surface and Subsurface Hydrology and Modeling, Soil and Water Resources Management, Environmental Systems Analysis, Risk Identifications and Assessment, Geostatistics and Spatial Statistics

Guodong Liu, Ph.D.
Hunan University, 2001
Research Interests: Synthesis of Novel Nanomaterials, Biosensors, Bioassays

John McEvoy, Ph.D.
University of Ulster Northern Ireland, 2002
Research Interests: Cryptosporidium Virulence Factors and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis

Jennifer Momsen, Ph.D.
Rutgers University, 2007
Research Interests: Biology Education, Systems Thinking in Introductory Biology, Visualization, Assessing the Cognitive Level of STEM Courses

Bakr Mourad Aly Ahmed, Ph.D.
Virginia Tech., 2001
Research Interests: Sustainability Indicators and Implementation, Carrying Capacity Measurements, Coastal Development, Built Environment and Natural Resources Conservation

Jack Norland, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 2008
Research Interests: Restoration Ecology, Application of Remote Sensing to Natural Resource Management, Study of Natural Resources Management Problems in a Socio-ecological Setting

Nurun Nahar, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 2017
Research Interests: Biomass Conversion; Bioprocess Engineering; Biofuels

Peter Oduor, Ph.D.
University of Missouri - Rolla, 2004
Research Interests: Geographic Information Systems, Groundwater Flow Modeling, Groundwater Contamination

Marinus Otte, Ph.D.
Vrije Universiteit, 1991
Research Interests: Wetland ecology, Biogeochemistry, Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology

Birgit Pruess, Ph.D.
Ruhr- Universitat Bochum, 1991
Research Interest: Microbial Physiology and Gene Regulation

Scott Pryor, Ph.D.
Cornell University, 2005
Research Interests: Biofuel Production from Cellulosic Feedstocks, Biobased Chemicals and Materials, Bioprocess Engineering, Process Optimization, Solid State and Liquid Fermentation Systems

Shafiqur Rahman, Ph.D.
University of Manitoba, 2004
Research Interests: Animal Waste Management, Biosolids Management, Air Quality, Water Quality, Composting

David A. Rider, Ph.D.
Louisiana State University, 1988
Research Interests: Insect Systematics, Biodiversity

David Ripplinger, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 2012
Research Interests: Energy Transport; Agricultural Economics

David C. Roberts, Ph.D.
Oklahoma State University, 2009
Research Interests: Evaluation and Design of Economically Efficient Tools and Policies for Pollution Control, Economic Valuation of Environmental and Ecological Attributes Through Revealed and Stated Preference Methods, Valuation of Environmental Risk, and Low-Impact and Precision Agriculture

Bernhardt Saini-Eidukat, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, 1991
Research Interests: Environmental Geochemistry, Igneous Petrology, Economic Geology

Kalidas Shetty, Ph.D.
University of Idaho, 1989

Research Interests: Plant Science; Agriculture; Food Science; Human Nutrition; Public Health

Halis Simsek, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 2012
Research Interests: Bioenvironmental Engineering

Senay Simsek, Ph.D.
North Dakota State University, 2012
Research Interests: Bioenvironmental Engineering; Carbohydrate Chemistry; Cereal Science; Food Science And Technology

Todd Sirotiak, Ph.D.
Iowa State University
Research Interests: Construction Process Improvement; Sustainability

Matt Smith, Ph.D.
University Of Arkansas, 2012
Research Interests: Morphology; Physiological Ecology

Dean D. Steele, Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, 1991
Research Interests: Irrigation and Environmental Engineering

Craig A. Stockwell, Ph.D.
University of Nevada, 1995
Research Interests: Conservation Biology, Evolutionary Ecology of Native Fishes, Human-Wildlife Interactions

Linda Tackett, Ph.D.
University of Southern California, 2014
Research Interests: Norian (and Mesozoic, generally) Paleoecological, Taxonomic, and Environmental Dynamics

Steve E. Travers, Ph.D.
University of California, 1998
Research Interests: Plant Evolutionary Ecology

Cheryl Wachenheim, Ph.D.
Michigan State University, 1994
Research Interests: Eliciting Perceptions and Valuations from Consumers, Firms, Students and Other Stakeholders and Decision Makers

Alexander Wagner, Ph.D.
Oxford University, 1997
Research Interests: Lattice Boltzmann, Spinodal Decomposition, Viscoelasticity, Drop Deformation and Break-up in a Shear Flow, Wetting, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, Complex systems

Scott Wood, Ph.D.
Princeton University, 1985
Research Interests: Environmental Geochemistry, Radioactive Waste Disposal

Brian D. Wisenden, Ph.D.
University of Western Ontario, 1993
Research interests: Behavioral Ecology of Fishes, Chemical Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions, Parental Care and Mating Systems

University Catalog 2023-24