This is an archived copy of the 2017-18 catalog. To access the most recent version of the catalog, please visit http://bulletin.ndsu.edu.

Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Major

The Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABEN) program prepares men and women for careers requiring application of physical, biological, and engineering sciences to develop solutions relating to: the design and production of machine systems; the production and handling of biological materials; processing of food, feed, fiber, and fuel; and the preservation of natural resources and environmental quality. A major in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering can serve a broad range of career interests and can provide excellent career opportunities for men and women from diverse backgrounds.

The program educational objectives of this major are to educate and produce graduates who will become engineers who:

  1. have the ability to use their technical knowledge and design and problem solving skills throughout their careers,
  2. have the interpersonal and collaborative skills and the capacity necessary for productive careers, and
  3. can use their disciplinary knowledge and educational depth and breadth to deal with changing career opportunities in agricultural and related industries.

These objectives support the department mission of developing and extending knowledge through engineering and technology that advances the productivity of agricultural production, the processing and utilization of biological materials, and the management of environmental resources.

Agricultural and biosystems engineering integrates engineering topics, engineering design, and biological sciences in a single program with two concentrations: agricultural engineering and biosystems engineering. While there is considerable overlap between the agricultural engineering (AGEN) and the biosystems engineering (BSEN) concentrations, the BSEN concentration includes a heavier emphasis on fundamental biological and chemical sciences. The AGEN concentration includes a heavier emphasis in the physical sciences. A wide range of electives in related disciplines can be used to compliment the disciplinary course work and to prepare for specific career interests. Although not required by the curriculum, students are encouraged to take advantage of Cooperative Education experiences or the opportunity of paid internships where they gain hands-on experience in engineering.

Agricultural Engineering Option

Career opportunities for graduates in agricultural engineering are many and diverse. Graduates may work for companies and agencies that design, develop, test, and manufacture power and machine systems; handle, store, and process agricultural commodities; design environmental controls and housing systems for plant and animal production; design equipment and systems for processing, manufacturing, distribution and quality protection of food products; design systems for management of air, land and water resources; design and manage crop irrigation systems; and develop electrical and electronic applications for agricultural problems. Graduates with an agricultural engineering concentration may also pursue graduate degrees in engineering, business, or law. By selecting appropriate elective courses, students may emphasize areas such as agricultural systems, environmental systems, biomaterials and processing systems, or an emphasis area designed by the student in consultation with an adviser.

The faculty assist with career planning and job placement of graduates. Students interested in careers involving production, delivery, management, and technical support of systems for food, agricultural, or closely related industries rather than engineering or design should consider the Agricultural Systems Management major offered by the College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources .

Major Requirements

Major: Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering
Option: Agricultural

Degree Type: B.S.A.B.En
Minimum Degree Credits to Graduate: 134

General Education Requirements for Baccalaureate Degree

  • A list of approved general education courses is available here .
  • General education courses may be used to satisfy requirements for both general education and the major, minor, and program emphases, where applicable. Students should carefully review the major, minor, and program emphases requirements for minimum grade restrictions, should they apply.
Communication (C)12
College Composition I
College Composition II
Fundamentals of Public Speaking
Upper Division Writing
Quantitative Reasoning (R) 3
Science and Technology (S) 10
Humanities and Fine Arts (A) 6
Social and Behavioral Sciences (B) 6
Wellness (W) 2
Cultural Diversity (D) *†
Global Perspectives (G) *†
Total Credits39
*

 May be satisfied by completing courses in another General Education category.

 May be satisfied with courses required in the major. Review major requirements to determine if a specific upper division writing course is required.

Major Requirements - Agricultural Option

ABEN Core Courses:
ABEN 110Introduction to Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering3
ABEN 189Skills for Academic Success 11
ABEN 255Computer Aided Analysis & Design3
ABEN 263Biological Materials Processing3
ABEN 377Numerical Modeling in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering3
ABEN 482Instrumentation & Measurements3
ABEN 486Design Project I2
ABEN 487Design Project II2
ABEN 491Seminar1
ABEN 496Field Experience1
ABEN 300-400 Electives: Select 9 credits from the following:9
Electric Energy Application in Agriculture
Structural Design for Biosystems
Transport Processes
Bioprocess Engineering
Bioenvironmental Systems Design
Biobased Energy
Process Engineering for Food, Biofuels and Bioproducts
Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering
Agricultural Power
Machinery Analysis & Design
Fluid Power Systems Design
Drainage and Wetland Engineering
MATH 128Introduction to Linear Algebra1
MATH 165Calculus I (May satisfy general education category R)4
MATH 166Calculus II4
MATH 259Multivariate Calculus3
MATH 266Introduction to Differential Equations3
ME 212Fundamentals of Visual Communication for Engineers3
ME 221Engineering Mechanics I3
ME 222Engineering Mechanics II3
ME 223Mechanics of Materials3
ME 350Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer3
CE 309Fluid Mechanics3
or ME 352 Fluid Dynamics
CHEM 121General Chemistry I (May satisfy general education category S)3
CHEM 122General Chemistry II (May satisfy general education category S)3
ECE 301Electrical Engineering I3
Select one from the following:3
Writing in the Technical Professions
Writing in the Sciences
Researching and Writing Grants and Proposal
ENGR 402Engineering Ethics and Social Responsibility1
IME 440Engineering Economy2
IME 460Evaluation of Engineering Data3
or STAT 330 Introductory Statistics
PHYS 252
252L
University Physics II
and University Physics II Laboratory (May satisfy general education category S)
5
Program Electives:Select the following program electives in each category from courses listed in the Program Electives Tab. The minimum credit in each category will apply.23
Computer ElectivesSelect a minimum of 3 credits from the Program Electives Tab.
Business or Communication ElectiveSelect a minimum of 3 credits from the following prefix options: BUSN, COMM, ACCT, AGEC, ECON, MGT, MIS, MRKT 2
Chemistry/Biological Science ElectivesSelect a minimum of 9 credits from the Program Electives Tab.
Technical ElectivesSelect a minimum of 8 credits from the Program Electives Tab.
Total Credits110
1

 AGRI189 is only required for first-time, first-year students--A first-time, first-year student is defined as a student who has not yet completed a college course as a college student.  Students that are not first-time, first-year students that either transfer into the university or change their major are not required to take AGRI 189.

2

The course used for this business or communication elective cannot double-count as General Education.

SUGGESTED EMPHASIS AREA for the Agricultural Engineering Option:  Consult with adviser when making selections.

  • Agricultural Systems - Select electives with emphasis on machine, power, structural, and electrical/electronic systems to solve problems involving engineering aspects of food, feed, and fiber production.
  • Environmental Systems - Select electives with emphasis on areas that contribute to solving problems in environmental engineering, natural resources management, hydrology, irrigation, watershed management, and waste management.
  • Biomaterial Systems - Select electives with emphasis on combining engineering, biological, and physical sciences in the application of engineering principles to handling and processing of biomaterials for food and non-food products.

Degree Requirements and Notes

A student must complete at least 60 semester credits of professional level course work in his/her program while in residence and enrolled in the college.  Students transferring into the college from programs with professional accreditation are exempt from this residency requirement but are subject to the residency requirement of NDSU.

Program Electives for the Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering - Agricultural Option

Computer Electives: Select one course from the following:3
Civil Engineering Graphic Communications
Visual BASIC
Computer Science I
Introduction to Computing
Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
CAD/CAM for Manufacturing
Modeling of Engineering Systems
Business or Communication Electives: Choose one of the following courses or a course from the following prefix options:3
BUSN, COMM, ACCT, AGEC, ECON, MGT, MIS, MRKT (The course used for this elective cannot double-count as General Education)
Fundamentals of Accounting
Elements of Accounting I
Introduction to Agricultural Management
Agricultural Marketing
Introduction to Agricultural Finance
Interpersonal Communication
Persuasive Speaking
Intercultural Communication
Introduction to Web Design
Management for Non-Business Majors
Marketing for Non-Business Majors
Chemistry/Biological/Environmental Sciences Electives: Select 9 credits from the following:9
Feeds and Feeding
Livestock Production
Concepts of Biology
Concepts of Biology Lab
Environmental Science
Environmental Science Laboratory
General Biology I
General Biology I Laboratory
General Biology II
General Biology II Laboratory
Introduction to Food Science and Technology
Cereal Technology
General Chemistry I Laboratory
General Chemistry II Laboratory
Survey of Organic Chemistry
Insects, Humans and the Environment
Introductory Microbiology
Introductory Microbiology Lab
General Microbiology
General Microbiology Lab
Environmental Law and Policy
World Food Crops
Principles of Crop Production
Genetics
Principles of Forage Production
Principles of Weed Science
Seed Technology & Production
Natural Resource & Agro-Ecosystems
Introduction to Soil Science
Introduction to Meteorology & Climatology
Soils and Land Use
Soils and Pollution
Technical Electives: May choose from the ABEN section, Chemistry/Biological Science electives or the Engineering electives listed below:8
ABEN 496 - Ag Tech Expo (1 add'l cr.) may be used as a Technical Elective. ABEN 496 - Field Exp./Internship, 1 cr., may be used as an ABEN Elective or as a Technical Elective. A maximum of two credits of ABEN 496 FE/Internship may be counted towards degree requirements.
Post-Harvest Technology
Tractors & Power Units
Power Units Laboratory
Machinery Principles and Management
Hydraulic Power Principles and Applications
Principles and Application of Precision Agriculture
Surveying
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Structural Engineering and Analysis
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Reinforced Concrete
Water Resources and Supply
Water and Wastewater Engineering
Open Channel Flow
Advanced Surveying
Solid Waste Management
Air Pollution
Applied Hydrology
Water Quality Management
Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment
Contracts and Specifications
Digital Design
Electrical Engineering II
Embedded Systems
Advanced Geographic Information Systems
Manufacturing Processes
Welding Technology
CAD/CAM for Manufacturing
Process Engineering
Production Engineering
Systems Engineering and Management
Management of People Systems
Program and Project Management
Quality Assurance and Control
Materials Science and Engineering
Mechanics of Machinery
Thermodynamics II
Theory of Vibrations
Machine Design I
Heat and Mass Transfer
Experimental Stress Analysis
Engineering with Polymeric Materials
Mechanics of Composite Materials
Automatic Controls
Internal Combustion Engines
Modeling of Range and Agro-Ecosystems
Applied Regression Models
Introduction to Experimental Design
Total Credits23

SUGGESTED EMPHASIS AREA for the Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering Option: Consult with adviser when making selections.

  • Agricultural Systems - Select electives with emphasis on machine, power, structural and electrical/electronic systems to solve problems involving engineering aspects of food, feed, and fiber production.
  • Environmental Systems - Select electives with emphasis on areas that contribute to solving problems in environmental engineering, natural resources management, hydrology, irrigation, watershed management, and waste management.
  • Biomaterials Systems - Select electives with emphasis on combining engineering, biological, and physical sciences in the application of engineering principles to handling and processing of biomaterials for food and non-food products. 
  • Advance Biosciences Electives - 9 credits required.  Double Count with electives above.  A minimum of 3 credits must be from non-ABEN prefix courses in the Advanced Biosciences tab.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Electric Energy Application in Agriculture
Structural Design for Biosystems
Transport Processes
Bioenvironmental Systems Design
Biobased Energy
Process Engineering for Food, Biofuels and Bioproducts
Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering
Agricultural Power
Machinery Analysis & Design
Fluid Power Systems Design
Post-Harvest Technology
Tractors & Power Units
Power Units Laboratory
Machinery Principles and Management
Hydraulic Power Principles and Applications
Principles and Application of Precision Agriculture
Structural Engineering and Analysis
Reinforced Concrete
Digital Design
Electrical Engineering II
Embedded Systems
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
Advanced Geographic Information Systems
Manufacturing Processes
Welding Technology
CAD/CAM for Manufacturing
Process Engineering
Production Engineering
Systems Engineering and Management
Management of People Systems
Program and Project Management
Quality Assurance and Control
Materials Science and Engineering
Mechanics of Machinery
Thermodynamics II
Theory of Vibrations
Machine Design I
Heat and Mass Transfer
Experimental Stress Analysis
Engineering with Polymeric Materials
Mechanics of Composite Materials
Automatic Controls
Internal Combustion Engines
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
Electric Energy Application in Agriculture
Transport Processes
Bioprocess Engineering
Bioenvironmental Systems Design
Biobased Energy
Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering
Fluid Power Systems Design
Drainage and Wetland Engineering
Principles and Application of Precision Agriculture
Surveying
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Water Resources and Supply
Water and Wastewater Engineering
Open Channel Flow
Advanced Surveying
Solid Waste Management
Air Pollution
Applied Hydrology
Water Quality Management
Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment
Contracts and Specifications
Survey of Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry I
Organic Chemistry I Laboratory
Electrical Engineering II
Heat and Mass Transfer
General Microbiology
Modeling of Range and Agro-Ecosystems
Introduction to Soil Science
Soils and Land Use
Soils and Pollution
BIOMATERIALS SYSTEMS
Electric Energy Application in Agriculture
Transport Processes
Bioprocess Engineering
Bioenvironmental Systems Design
Biobased Energy
Process Engineering for Food, Biofuels and Bioproducts
Fluid Power Systems Design
Fluid Power Systems Design
Drainage and Wetland Engineering
Foundations of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I
Foundations of Biochemistry I Laboratory
Introduction to Food Science and Technology
Food Unit Operations
Cereal Technology
Food Processing II
Food Processing Laboratory
Survey of Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry I
Organic Chemistry I Laboratory
Organic Chemistry II
Electrical Engineering II
Systems Engineering and Management
Evaluation of Engineering Data
Quality Assurance and Control
Materials Science and Engineering
Machine Design I
Heat and Mass Transfer
General Microbiology
A minimum of 3 credits must be from non-ABEN Advanced Bioscience Courses.
ABEN Courses (Eligible for Adv. Biosci.)
ABEN 444Transport Processes3
ABEN 450Bioprocess Engineering3
ABEN 452Bioenvironmental Systems Design3
ABEN 456Biobased Energy3
ABEN 458Process Engineering for Food, Biofuels and Bioproducts3
ABEN 464Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering4
ABEN 484Drainage and Wetland Engineering3
SOIL Courses
SOIL 322Soil Fertility and Fertilizers3
SOIL 351Soil Ecology3
SOIL 410Soils and Land Use3
SOIL 444Soil Genesis and Survey3
SOIL 465Soil And Plant Analysis3
SOIL 480Soils and Pollution3
PLSC Courses
PLSC 320Principles of Forage Production3
PLSC 335Seed Technology & Production2
PLSC 350Sugarbeet Production2
PLSC 411Genomics3
PLSC 431Intermediate Genetics3
Additional Course Options
BIOL 364General Ecology3
BOT 380Plant Physiology3
ANSC 357Animal Genetics3
RNG 452Geographic Information Systems in Range Survey3
Freshman
FallCreditsSpringCredits
ABEN 1103ABEN 496 (Ag Tech Expo)1
ABEN 1891ME 2123
CHEM 1213ME 2213
ENGL 1104CHEM 1223
MATH 1654ENGL 1203
CHEM/BIO Elective3MATH 1664
 18 17
Sophomore
FallCreditsSpringCredits
ABEN 2553ABEN 2633
COMM 1103PHYS 2524
ME 2223PHYS 252L1
ME 2233MATH 2663
MATH 2593CE 3093
MATH 1281Computer Elective3
Gen Ed Elective2 
 18 17
Junior
FallCreditsSpringCredits
IME 4603ABEN 3773
ME 3503ABEN 4823
ENGL 321, 324, or 4593ECE 3013
ENGR 4021ABEN Elective3
ABEN Elective3Gen Ed Elective3
CHEM/BIO Elective3 
 16 15
Senior
FallCreditsSpringCredits
ABEN 4862ABEN 4872
ABEN 4911Tech Elective3
IME 4402CHEM/BIO Elective3
ABEN Elective3Gen Ed Elective3
Gen Ed Elective3Gen Ed Elective3
Tech Elective5BUS/COMM Elective3
 16 17
Total Credits: 134

Major Requirements

Major: Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering
Option: Biosystems

Degree Type: B.S.A.B.En
Minimum Degree Credits to Graduate: 133

General Education Requirements for Baccalaureate Degree

  • A list of approved general education courses is available here .
  • General education courses may be used to satisfy requirements for both general education and the major, minor, and program emphases, where applicable. Students should carefully review the major, minor, and program emphases requirements for minimum grade restrictions, should they apply.
Communication (C)12
College Composition I
College Composition II
Fundamentals of Public Speaking
Upper Division Writing
Quantitative Reasoning (R) 3
Science and Technology (S) 10
Humanities and Fine Arts (A) 6
Social and Behavioral Sciences (B) 6
Wellness (W) 2
Cultural Diversity (D) *†
Global Perspectives (G) *†
Total Credits39
*

 May be satisfied by completing courses in another General Education category.

 May be satisfied with courses required in the major. Review major requirements to determine if a specific upper division writing course is required.

Major Requirements - Biosystems Option

ABEN Core Requirements:
ABEN 110Introduction to Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering3
ABEN 189Skills for Academic Success 11
ABEN 255Computer Aided Analysis & Design3
ABEN 263Biological Materials Processing3
ABEN 444Transport Processes3
ABEN 482Instrumentation & Measurements3
ABEN 486Design Project I2
ABEN 487Design Project II2
ABEN 491Seminar1
ABEN 496Field Experience1
ABEN 300-400 Electives: Select 9 credits form the following:9
Electric Energy Application in Agriculture
Numerical Modeling in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Bioprocess Engineering
Bioenvironmental Systems Design
Biobased Energy
Process Engineering for Food, Biofuels and Bioproducts
Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering
Agricultural Power
Machinery Analysis & Design
Fluid Power Systems Design
Drainage and Wetland Engineering
MATH 128Introduction to Linear Algebra1
MATH 165Calculus I (May satisfy general education category R)4
MATH 166Calculus II4
MATH 259Multivariate Calculus3
MATH 266Introduction to Differential Equations3
ME 221Engineering Mechanics I3
ME 222Engineering Mechanics II3
ME 350Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer3
BIOL 150General Biology I3
CHEM 121
121L
General Chemistry I
and General Chemistry I Laboratory (May satisfy general education category S)
4
CHEM 122
122L
General Chemistry II
and General Chemistry II Laboratory (May satisfy general education category S)
4
CHEM 240Survey of Organic Chemistry3
CE 309Fluid Mechanics3
Select one from the following:3
Writing in the Technical Professions
Writing in the Sciences
Researching and Writing Grants and Proposal
ENGR 402Engineering Ethics and Social Responsibility1
IME 440Engineering Economy2
IME 460Evaluation of Engineering Data3
or STAT 330 Introductory Statistics
PHYS 252
252L
University Physics II
and University Physics II Laboratory (May satisfy general education category S)
5
Program Electives: Select the following program electives in each category from courses listed in the Program Electives Tab. The minimum credit in each category will apply.24
Engineering ElectivesSelect a minimum of 9 credits from the Program Electives Tab.
Chemistry/Biological Science ElectivesSelect a minimum of 6 credits from the Program Electives Tab.
Technical ElectivesSelect a minimum of 6 elective courses from the Program Electives Tab.
Computer ElectiveSelect a minimum of 3 credits from the Program Electives Tab.
Total Credits110
1

 AGRI189 is only required for first-time, first-year students--A first-time, first-year student is defined as a student who has not yet completed a college course as a college student.  Students that are not first-time, first-year students that either transfer into the university or change their major are not required to take AGRI 189.

Degree Requirements and Notes

A student must complete at least 60 semester credits of professional level course work in his/her program while in residence and enrolled in the college.  Students transferring into the college from programs with professional accreditation are exempt from this residency requirement but are subject to the residency requirement of NDSU.

Engineering Electives: Select 9 credits from the following:9
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Electrical Engineering I
Mechanics of Materials
Materials Science and Engineering
Chemistry/Biological Science Electives: Select 6 credits from the following:6
Animal Genetics
Physiology of Reproduction
Foundations of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I
Foundations of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II
General Biology I Laboratory
General Biology II
General Biology II Laboratory
Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Genetics
Genetics Laboratory
General Ecology
Plant Physiology
Plant Ecology
Organic Chemistry I
Organic Chemistry I Laboratory
Organic Chemistry II
Organic Chemistry II Laboratory
Introductory Microbiology
Introductory Microbiology Lab
General Microbiology
General Microbiology Lab
General Microbiology II
General Microbiology Lab II
Microbial Ecology
Cell Biology
Technical Electives: Select 6 credits from the following or from additional courses:6
Tech electives can be add'l courses from ABEN, ENGR, or CHEM/BIO Electives. ABEN 496 - Ag Tech Expo (1 add'l cr.) may be used as a Technical Elective. ABEN 496 - Field Exp./Internship, 1 cr., may be used as an ABEN Elective or as a Technical Elective. A maximum of two credits of ABEN 496 FE/Internship may be counted towards degree requirements.
Methods of Biochemical Research
Methods of Recombinant DNA Technology
Introduction to Food Science and Technology
Food Processing I
Cereal Technology
Computer Elective: Select 3 credits from the following:3
Civil Engineering Graphic Communications
Visual BASIC
Computer Science I
Introduction to Computing
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
CAD/CAM for Manufacturing
Fundamentals of Visual Communication for Engineers
Modeling of Engineering Systems
Total Credits24
Advance Biosciences Electives - 9 credits required. Students may double count with other program electives. A minimum of 3 credits must be from non-ABEN prefix courses in the Advanced Biosciences tab.
ABEN Courses (Eligible for Adv. Biosci.)
Transport Processes
Bioprocess Engineering
Bioenvironmental Systems Design
Biobased Energy
Process Engineering for Food, Biofuels and Bioproducts
Resource Conservation and Irrigation Engineering
Drainage and Wetland Engineering
Engineering Electives (Eligible for Adv. Biosci.)
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
CHEM/BIO Electives (Eligible for Adv. Biosci.)
Animal Genetics
Elements of Biochemistry
Methods of Biochemical Research
Methods of Recombinant DNA Technology
General Ecology
Plant Physiology
Plant Ecology
Organic Chemistry I
Organic Chemistry I Laboratory
Organic Chemistry II
Organic Chemistry II Laboratory
General Microbiology
General Microbiology Lab
General Microbiology II
General Microbiology Lab II
Microbial Ecology
Cell Biology
Freshman
FallCreditsSpringCredits
ABEN 1103ABEN 496 (Ag Tech Expo)1
ABEN 1891ME 2213
CHEM 1213CHEM 1223
CHEM 121L1CHEM 122L1
ENGL 1104ENGL 1203
MATH 1654MATH 1664
BIOL 1503Computer Elective3
 19 18
Sophomore
FallCreditsSpringCredits
ABEN 2553ABEN 2633
CHEM 2403PHYS 2524
COMM 1103PHYS 252L1
MATH 1281MATH 2663
MATH 2593Gen Ed Elective3
ME 2223CHEM/BIO Elective3
 16 17
Junior
FallCreditsSpringCredits
CE 3093ABEN 4443
IME 4402ABEN 4823
IME 4603ME 3503
ENGL 321, 324, or 4593ABEN Elective3
ENGR Elective3Gen Ed Elective5
CHEM/BIO Elective3 
 17 17
Senior
FallCreditsSpringCredits
ABEN 4862ABEN 4872
ABEN 4911ABEN Elective3
ENGR 4021ENGR Elective3
ABEN Elective3Gen Ed Elective3
Gen Ed Elective3Tech Elective3
ENGR Elective3 
Tech Elective3 
 16 14
Total Credits: 134